Ethnos

Peoples of the World

Cree

The Cree form an aboriginal nation of North America. They range from the Rocky Mountains to the Atlantic Ocean in both Canada and the United States. Their ancestral Cree language was once the most widely spoken in northern North America, but now not all Crees are fluent in it; English or French is more commonly used.

They are the largest group of First Nations in Canada with over 200 000 members. The Cree were known for openness to intertribal marriage. The Métis are a group of mixed Cree and French heritage. ***

Abenaki
Alabama-Coushatta
Algonquian
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Blackfeet
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Carrier
Catawba
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Cherokee
Cheyenne
Chickasaw
Chippewa
Choctaw
Chumash
Comanche
Costanoan
Cowlitz
Cree
Creek
Crow
Dakota
Delaware
Dene
Esselen
Flathead
Goshute
Gros Ventre
Haida
Hidatsa
Ho Chunk
Hohokam
Hopi
Hupa
Huron
Illinois
Innu
Inuit
Inupiaq/Inupiat
Iowa
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Kalispel
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Kootenai
Kwakiutl
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Lenape
Lumbee
Makah
Mandan
Menominee
Métis
Miami
Miwok
Mohawk
Mohegan
Mohican
Monacan
Montauketts
Natchez
Navajo/Diné
Nez Perce
Nisga'a/Nishga
Nootka/Nuu-Chah-Nulth
Ohlone
Ojibwe
Omaha
Oneida
Osage
Ottawa
Paiute
Passamaquoddy
Pawnee
Penobscot
Pequot
Pima
Pomo
Potawatomi
Powhatan
Pueblo
Quapaw
Quinault
Sac And Fox
Salish
Seminole
Seneca
Shawnee
Shinnecock
Shoshone
Shuswap
Siletz
Sioux
Spokane
Suquamish
Tlingit
Tsimshian
Tuscarora
Umatilla
Ute
Wampanoag
Warm Springs Tribes
Wichita
Winnebago
Wyandot
Yokuts
Yup'ik/Yupik
Yurok
Zuni


Alberta Elders' Cree Dictionary
by Nancy Leclaire, George Cardinal, Earle Waugh

The Alberta Elders' Cree Dictionary is a comprehensive guide to what has been described as "the language that knit Canada together." This 600 page volume covers Cree/English and English/Cree definitions, offering English translations of both Plains (Y dialect) and Northern Cree (TH dialect).

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Cree: Words
by Arok Wolvengrey

A two-volume, Cree-English/English Cree dictionary. Cree is the most widely spoken aboriginal language in Canada. This new dictionary has benefited from the knowledge of a number of Cree language professionals and Elders. It contains over 15,000 Cree engries, and 35,000 English entries.

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Spoken Cree: Level One
by C. Douglas Ellis

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The Cree Tribe
by Janet Riehecky

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Cree (Native American Peoples)
by Mary A. Stout

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The Montana Cree: A Study in Religious Persistence
by Verne Dusenberry, Lynne Dusenberry Crow

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Cry of the Eagle: Encounters With a Cree Healer
by David Young, Grant Ingram, Lise Swartz

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The Orders of the Dreamed: George Nelson on Cree and Northern Ojibwa Religion and Myth, 1823 (Manitoba Studies in Native History III)
by Jennifer S. H. Brown, Robert Brightman, Minnesota Historical Society

Among Anglo-Canadian fur traders of the early 19th century, George Nelson stands out for his interest in the life and ways of the Native people he encountered. His letter-journal gives a more detailed portrayal of Algonquian religion than any other source before the 20th century. It describes the characteristics of individual spirit beings, the use of the "shaking tent" to facilitate communication between humans and spirits, the spirit-guardian relationship, the windigo monster, the significance of dreams, religious aspects of medicine, and myths of animal and human origins.

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Voices of the Plains Cree (Canadian Plains Studies, 28)
by Edward Ahenakew, Ruth M. Buck

When buffalo were many on the western plains, when Cree and Blackfoot warred in unrelenting enmity, when the Sun Dance and the shaking tent were still a way of life these were the days of Chief Thundershild (1849-1927). His stories of a fierce and vanished freedom are reprinted here, exactly as he told them to Edward Ahenakew in 1923. His voice, simple and poetic, resonates with the wide expanse of sky, the song of the wind, the sound of water.

The other voice in this volume is equally moving, but in a very different way. It is the voice of Old Keyam, pained and angry, raised in protest against the Indians' lethargy and the white man's insensitivity. A fictional character, semi-autobiographical, he is very much the voice of Edward Ahenakew, telling of life on the reservations in the new white world of the early twentieth century.

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The Plains Cree: An Ethnographic, Historical, and Comparative Study
by David G. Mandelbaum

The definitive account of the Plains Cree since its publication in 1940, this edition, now reprinted for the fourth time, contains two additional sections: one comparing the Plains Cree with tribes to the east of them, the second with other groups inhabiting the Plains.

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***This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Cree"


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