Ethnos

Peoples of the World

Abenaki

The Abenaki (also Wabanaki) are a tribe of Native Americans belonging to the Algonquin people of the Northeast portion of North America.

The Abenakis inhabited the area that includes parts of the province of Quebec in Canada, and portions of the states of Vermont, New Hampshire, and possibly Maine in the United States. The language of the Abenakis shared common roots with neighboring tribes such as the Mi'kmaq, Maliseet, Pasmaquoddy, and other New England tribes. There are very few native speakers of the Abenaki tongue still alive, and they are all in Canada. While there are members of the tribe living in close proximity to each other in Quebec and Vermont most other Abenakis have dispersed into the general population.

Abenakis are not a federally recognized tribe in the United States. This is true of almost all of the eastern tribes. This is due to the decimation or assimilation of tribal populations well before the US government began acknowledging the sovereignty of native tribes.

The Abenaki were ruled by elected chiefs called Sagamores, who usually served for life but could be impeached. They had little actual power, but European colonizers still treated them like monarchs, resulting in many miscommunications and oversimplifications. ***
See also: Abenaki History

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Seven Eyes, Seven Legs: Supernatural Stories of the Abenaki
by Gerard Rancourt Tsonakwa, Yolakia Wapitaska, Wapita'ska Yolai'kia

Storyteller Gerard Tsonakwa has brought together an extensive collection of traditional and contemporary tales from his Abenaki heritage, colorfully interspersed with masks, sculptures and carvings representing the characters from these fascinating stories. He has also supplied a brief history of the Abenaki people, dating back to the sixeenth century, which includes traditional stories from several centuries.

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Wind Eagle and Other Abenaki Stories
by Joseph Bruchac, Kahionhes (Illustrator)

Stories of the Abenaki people

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A Western Abenaki Dictionary (Mercury Series)
by Gordon M. Day

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The Voice of the Dawn: An Autohistory of the Abenaki Nation
by Frederick Matthew Wiseman

"Many passages of the sun ago my grandfather took me to Wazowategok, the River, and said, 'Grandson, this is the Missisquoi, its waters flow in my veins and when I die, I will be buried where I can always see the River. The River is in your blood too, and you will come back to it.' I know now what he meant, after living in the deserts of the Tahono O'odam, the bayous of the land of the Chitimachas, and the bustle of the city built upon the ruined lodges of the Massachusetts. I now am back in Wôbanakik, the Land of the Dawn, where I can be at peace. I would like to tell you a story, one about my people and their land."

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Abenaki Warrior: The Life and Times of Chief Escumbuit, Big Island Pond, 1665-1727: French Hero! British Monster! Indian Patriot!
by Alfred E. Kayworth, Adolph Caso (Editor), Rob Cline (Illustrator)

During the French-Indian War, Chief Escumbuit fought on the side of the French against the English. Having killed many English subjects, Escumbuit was summoned to Paris where he was knighted by the French king.

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Bowman's Store: A Journey to Myself
by Joseph Bruchac

In this book, a consummate storyteller unfolds his most personal and poignant story: his own. Bowman’s Store traces the journey of writer Joseph “Sonny” Bruchac from a childhood filled with an abundance of both love and secrecy, to the dawning of his career as one of the best-known authors and storytellers of Native American history and lore. Compelling, lyrical, and deeply moving, Bruchac’s memoir tells how he came to fully understand, and eventually claim, his Abenaki heritage, despite his grandparents’ unspoken pact never to discuss Grandpa’s Indian blood. Through experiences both painful and hilarious, Sonny finds himself drawn to all things Indian long before he learns of his grandfather’s hidden Abenaki roots. Bowman’s Store beautifully weaves themes from Bruchac’s intimate knowledge of Native American cultures with vivid autobiographical scenes to create a touching story about self-discovery.

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No Borders: New Poems
by Joseph Bruchac

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Women of the Dawn
by Bunny McBride

Four Wabanaki women from four centuries of tribal history recall the long, tragic history of initial European contact and subsequent disease, warfare, and displacement.

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Gluskabe Stories (AudioBook)
by Joe Bruchac

Traditional Abenaki stories of the Trickster, Gluskabe. The Abenaki, the People of the Dawn, are the original inhabitants of most of northern New England and have lived there for thousands of years. These stories pass along important cultural values to both children and adults. Included are Gluskabe & the Creator; Gluskabes Game Bag; Gluskabe & Dzidziz, which explains the origin of the lullaby, Rock-a-bye Baby; Gluskabe & Tobacco; The Wind Eagle; and five more stories. Cover art by Ray Kahionhes Fadden. Winner of the 1990 Choice Magazine Audio Award, 1990 Parents Choice Honor Award, and Parents Choice Classic Honor Award.

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Mollyockett
by Pat Stewart

Mollyockett ,the last of her tribe, the Pequawkets tells her own compelling story. For more than eighty years Mollyockett traveled the woodland trails and waterways of New England, experiencing the terror and ambiguity of the French and Indian War. Her neighbors valued her skills as a healer, hunter and storyteller.

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***This article is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License. It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Abenaki"


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